Chestnuts / kuri (くり in Japanese) are nuts that grow on chestnut trees in Japan from September to October. They are popular for their fluffy texture, sweet taste, and golden appearance. There are mainly two types: Japanese chestnuts (wakuri), which are cultivated in Japan, and European chestnuts (yoguri), grown in western countries. Japanese chestnuts have a floury, fluffy texture and are used in dishes like takikomi gohan (mixed rice), stews, and chestnut manju (a type of sweet bun). European chestnuts are slightly smaller and firmer than Japanese chestnuts and are used in sweets like marron glacé and Mont Blanc.

The carbohydrates in chestnuts are mostly starch, which breaks down and absorbs quickly. They also contain vitamin B1, vitamin C, potassium, folic acid, and dietary fiber. Compared to other nuts, chestnuts are lower in fat and calories.

Storing chestnuts at low temperatures increases their sweetness, so it's best to keep them in the refrigerator for 3–4 days before cooking for better flavor. They can also be frozen, which softens the hard outer shell, making it easier to peel.

Chestnuts are encased in a hard outer shell called the "onikawa" and a thin inner skin called the "shibukawa." The onikawa corresponds to the fruit flesh of other fruits, while the edible part of the chestnut is the seed. When sold, the spiky outer husk (iga) has been removed, which is actually part of the chestnut’s skin.

If the outer shell has small holes, the chestnut may have been eaten by insects. Soaking chestnuts in plenty of water will make the damaged ones float, allowing you to remove them before cooking.